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bag valve mask
A bag valve mask, abbreviated to BVM and sometimes known by the proprietary name Ambu bag or generically as a manual resuscitator or “self-inflating bag”, is a hand-held device commonly used to provide positive pressure ventilation to patients who are not breathing or not breathing adequately. The device is a required part of resuscitation kits for trained professionals in out-of-hospital settings (such as ambulance crews) and is also frequently used in hospitals as part of standard equipment found on a crash cart, in emergency rooms or other critical care settings. Underscoring the frequency and prominence of BVM use in the United States, the American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiac Care recommend that "all healthcare providers should be familiar with the use of the bag-mask device."〔The American Heart Association. Part 8: Advanced cardiovascular life support: 2010 Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation 2010: 122:S730.〕 Manual resuscitators are also used within the hospital for temporary ventilation of patients dependent on mechanical ventilators when the mechanical ventilator needs to be examined for possible malfunction, or when ventilator-dependent patients are transported within the hospital. Two principal types of manual resuscitator exist; one version is self-filling with air, although additional oxygen (O2) can be added but is not necessary for the device to function. The other principal type of manual resuscitator (flow-inflation) is heavily used in non-emergency applications in the operating room to ventilate patients during anesthesia induction and recovery.
Use of manual resuscitators to ventilate a patient is frequently called "bagging" the patient 〔Daniel Limmer and Michael F. O'Keefe. 2005. ''Emergency Care'' 10th ed. Edward T. Dickinson, Ed. Pearson, Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Page 140.〕 and is regularly necessary in medical emergencies when the patient's breathing is insufficient (respiratory failure) or has ceased completely (respiratory arrest). Use of the manual resuscitator force-feeds air or oxygen into the lungs in order to inflate them under pressure, thus constituting a means to manually provide positive-pressure ventilation. It is used by professional rescuers in preference to mouth-to-mouth ventilation, either directly or through an adjunct such as a pocket mask). The full-form of AMBU is Artificial Manual Breathing Unit.
==History==
The bag-valve mask concept was developed in 1953 by the German engineer Holger Hesse and his partner, Danish anaesthetist Henning Ruben, following their initial work on a suction pump.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ambu's history )〕 They named their resuscitator the Ambu bag, and then formed their own company, also called Ambu, to manufacture and market the device beginning in 1956. As the first brand of manual resuscitator to go to market, this has led to the name Ambu becoming a generic trademark, with resuscitators from any manufacturer commonly being referred to as 'ambu bags'.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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